Friday, November 20, 2009

The Mysterious Guest - Eliyahu HaNavi

Shabbat Shalom!

The Mysterious Guest

Wandering around the world, I heard of a man who had an unbelievable reputation for hospitality. (1)   I couldn't believe that his kindness had no bounds, no limits.  Investigating, I found out that he searched not only the immediate vicinity of his own shetetl for guests, but the entire surrounding area.  People said that when he found a traveler or a person in need of any kind of help whatsoever, he went out of his way to treat him as a member of his own family.  He never sat down to a weekday meal, let alone a Shabbos or holy day meal, without guests gracing his table.  I was so awed by what I heard that I decided to see if it were true.

I disguised myself as a beggar, making certain that my clothes were tattered and torn, that I appeared dirty and unkempt.  I placed myself in his shtetl of Gustinin, in the shul and sat on a corner of the bench, opposite the eastern wall, to rest and warm myself near the stove.

I dozed while I was waiting.  It did not take long for me to be awakened by a man tapping me on the shoulder.

"Please wake up," he said. "You can't spend Shabbos here alone.  You must come home with me where there is a delicious meal and a warm bed awaiting you."

He helped me to my feet, put his arm under mine to steady me and guided me the short distance to his home.

I entered a room that had truly been prepared to greet the Shabbos Queen.  Two tables covered with festive white cloths stood perpendicular to each other in the center of a large dining room.  Many pairs of candles sparkled in silver candlesticks; delicately embroidered cloths covered the golden twisted challot that were at the place of the head of each family.  I saw his children and grandchildren waiting around the Shabbos table for him.  When he entered the room, he greeted everyone with a warm "Good Shabbos," pointed to a chair on his right side, and motioned for me to sit down.  His wife sat on his left.  No one sitting at the table expressed surprise at my presence or at my appearance.

After singing "Shalom Aleichem," all rose to their feet.  My host lifted the wine bottle, poured some wine into his goblet, raised it, and chanted the kiddush.  He poured some wine into another goblet for his wife.  When he finished, each of his sons and his son-in-law chanted the Kiddush and passed their goblets to their wives and children.  Then my host turned to me and inquired gently, "Would you like to chant the Kiddush?"

"I'm not familiar with the words," I responded sheepishly.

"Then I will fetch you a siddur."  He walked over to the bookcase, removed a siddur from a shelf, and returned to the table.  Flipping through the pages, he located the Kiddush and placed it in front of me.

"I can't read the words," I muttered.

"Then I shall help you," he said.  He pronounced one world and I repeated it.  His family waited patiently while I stammered away at the words.

he didn't even ask me if I knew the blessing for ritual hand washing; he assumed that I needed help.  I permitted him to wash my hands for me, then I threw the towel t the floor.  I suspected that what I heard was true.  Not one family member acted dismayed at my uncouthness.  I realized that they were used to their father bringing home all kind of strangers.

Each family had two challot of their own.  My host placed a very large slice in front of me.  In an unmannerly fashion, I gobbled it down and motioned to him for another slice.  I alternated a piece of challah and a gulp of wine until I had finished the entire challah and had emptied the Kiddush goblet in front of me.  Unperturbed, my host went into the kitchen to fetch another challah, which I ate hungrily.  I was served two portions of fish and I proceeded to scatter the bones all around my plate on the white tablecloth.  I ate three portions of soup and four portions of pot roast, tzimmes, and kugel.  I burped loudly twice.

"Are you still hungry?" my host asked me lovingly.

"Yes, I could still eat more," I muttered.  He rose, went into the kitchen, removed the cholent pot from the stove and brought it into the dining room and set it in front of me.  I finished the whole thing with great gusto.  He never said one angry word either about my disgusting table manners or the amount of food I had consumed.

After the meal, my host asked me to hum along the Shabbos zemiros, but instead my head began to nod and I pretended to snore.  In the middle of the grace after meals, I suddenly pulled myself up from my chair and stumbled over to an ivory and gold colored brocaded sofa, throwing my full weight and my muddy shoes across it with a resounding thud.

I noticed that my host didn't blink an eyelid, although the womenfolk looked at each other nervously.  Thinking I might be cold, he covered me with three blankets as soon as he finished chanting the grace after meals.

While I pretended to sleep, the children and grandchildren returned to their own nearby homes, the tables were cleared, and the house became shrouded in deep darkness for the candles had burned down.  I folded the blankets neatly, replaced them in the cupboard and disappeared from sight, satisfied that what I had heard about this man who practiced exemplary hospitality was true.

I hid behind a thick-barked, lush-foliaged, broad-branched oak tree near the fence of his property to see his reaction when he discovered that I had disappeared.  He arose at daybreak.  When he discovered that I was not on the sofa, he shouted,

"Where are you?  Where are you?"

A few minutes later, he left and ran in the direction of the shul, apparently thinking that I had returned to my corner on the bench near the stove, but soon I saw him returning slowly, sadly, to his home without me.  Then I heard him call to his wife that he was going to search for me at the marketplace, I waited.  Again, I saw him run, again he returned without me.  I knew he was clearly puzzled, but I could not reveal my true identity to him.

Finally, I left my watching post behind the tree, knowing that I had never met such a gracious host (2) before.  I wondered if, in my future travels, I would meet anyone who would surpass his kindness.

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1)  Eliyahu HaNevi.
2) The host was Rebbe Yechiel Mayer Lifshitz, the Yehude Hatov, the Good Jew of Gustinin (1817-1888) noted for his meticulous observance of the middah of hospitality.  He was also called the Tehillim Yid, the Psalm Jew.  During his lifetime, the Jewish people suffered terrible hardships at the hands of the tzarist government.  People came to him from the surrounding area, not only to sit at his Shabbos or holy day tish, but for advice on dealing with their problems, both with the government and the neighboring peasants.  he would inevitably advise, "Recite Tehillim."  He wrote down their problems, the numbers of the chapters of tehillim he had instructed them to recite, and he would recite them as well.  People said, "Even though King David composed Tehillim, Rebbe Yechiel Mayer recited them with more fervor..."  He went out of his way to guide his people in the ways of peaceful living, always mediating between antagonishts.  He wrote his ethical will eight years before he died.  In it, he instructed his children to, "Always distance yourselves from arrogance...and even if you should become very wealthy, know that money is a blessing from the Almighty...All mankind was created from the same mold, the people who suffer and the people who enjoy comfort...Know that my reprimands were only meant to direct you toward specific goals."  (Rabbi Avraham Yitzchak Bromberg.  Hayehudi Hatov meGustinin, Jerusalem:  Bays Hillel Publishing.  Lichtenstein and Holder, 1982)

Wednesday, November 18, 2009

Toldot - And these are the offspring of Yitzchak

Parashat Toldot
Bereishit 25:19 - 28:9
Haftarah Malachi 1:1-2:27


Bereishit 25:18 "Over all his brothers he dwelt."

This is juxtaposed with ve'eleh toldot Yitzchak -  "And these are the offspring of Yitzchak" (25:19).

This teaches that when Yishmael's [descendants] fall in the End of Days, then [Mashiach,] the descendant of King David, of the offspring of Yitzchak, will flourish (Bereishit Rabbah 62:5)

Holid - Begot.  The gematria of this word (55) is equal to that of the word domeh - he is like, for Yitzchak's countenance was like that of Avraham (Bava Metzia 87a; Tanchuma 1).

Vatahar Rivkah ishto - "And his wife Rivkah conceived."

The gematria of ishto, his wife (707), is equal to that of kash va-esh, straw and fire, and refers to [Esav and Yaakov about whom it is written], vehayah beit Yaakov esh, And the house of Yaakov shall be a fire... uveit Esav lekash, and the house of Esav for straw (Ovadyah 1:18).

*With this the Baal HaTurim explains the superfluous Rivkah ishto, Rivkah his wife, an identification already made in the preceding verse.  He explains that the verse may be understood as vatahar Rivkah, Rivkah conceived, ishto, straw [Esav] and fire [Yaakov].

Admoni - Red.

This word appears twice in the Tanach: The first one emerged red (25:25); and And he was red, with fair eyes (1Shmuel 16:12), regarding David.  When [the prophet] Shmuel saw that David was red, he said, "Perhaps he is a shedder of blood like Esav!"  Therefore, that verse goes on to say, with fair eyes, i.e., whatever he does is with the agreement of the members of the Sanhedrin (High Court) who are called "eyes" - as it is said, If from the eyes of the assembly ... (BaMidbar 15:24).   Which can be understood as, he is with the fair of eyes.

Esav - The name Esav can be divided into yud (=70) and shav (=shave worthless).  G-d said, "This worthless one completed the number of seventy gentile nations; he is the worthless one that I have created in the world."

*Various passages in the Talmud and Midrash speak of the 70 nations of the world.  The Midrash HaGadol (a contemporary of the Baal HaTurim) reckons 68 nations before the birth of Esav and Yaakov, with their birth completed the total 70.  According to that view, the 70 nations include 69 gentile nations and Yisrael, a view that is not in accord with either the Talmud (Sukkah 55b) or the Midrash (Bereishit Rabbah 66:4). According to Pesikta Zutresa, the 71 descendants of Noach's three sons enumerated in Chapter 10, with the exception of Pelishtim (Philistines and alternatively, Nimrod), were the progenitors of 70 gentile nations.  The Baal HaTurim apparently omitted both Nimrod and Pelishtim from the 71 descendants of Noach's sons.  Thus Esav was the 70th nation (VeChur LaZahav)

Ve-acharei chen yatza achiv - After that his brother emerged.

The gematria of chen is 70, i.e., Yaakov emerged after chen (=70) nations whose number was completed with Esav's birth.  For there are seventy nations aside from [the descendants of] Yaakov.

*The Talmud teaches that the 70 bulls offered during the festival of Sukkot (BaMidbar 29:12-34) represent the 70 nations of the world; while the lone bull offered on Shemini Atzeret (BaMidbar 29:35-36) represents Yisrael (Sukkah 55b).  Clearly, Yisrael is not included in the count of 70.  Similarly, the Midrash (Bereishit Rabbah 66:4) interprets, "People will serve you" (27:29) as a reference to the 70 nations, thus excluding Yisrael from the count.  See also Rashi to BaMidbar 26:36 and 29:11.

Veyado - with his hand.

The masoretic note indicates that this word appears three times in the Tanach:

1) here, Veyado ochezet ba'akev Esav, with his hand grasping the heel of Esav
2) Veyado hanetuyah umi yeshivenah His hand is outstretched, and who can turn it back? (Yeshayahu 14:27)
3) Veyado chilkatah lahem - and his hand has distributed it for them (Yeshayahu 34:17) regarding the downfall of the gentile nations. (Refers to both verses from Yeshayahu).

For at the time of their birth, he intimated to him that the nations would fall into his hand.

*(Bereishit Rabbah 63:9)  The antecedents of the pronouns "he" and "him" in this last sentence are not clear, so the comment may be understood in a variety of ways: By having Yitzchak grasp Esav's heel, He [G-d] intimated to him [Yitzchak or Yaakov or Esav] that the nations would fall into Yaakov's hands; or by grasping Esav's heel, he [Yaakov] intimated to him [Yitzchak or Esav] that the nations would fall into Yaakov's hands.

Yaakov  - The gematria of this name (182) is equal to that of malach haElo-him - angel of G-d, and to that of haGan Eden - the Garden of Eden, and that of {lo yeasef - He will not be brought in, as reflected in the verse,} virechech lo yeasef - and your moon shall not be brought in (Yeshayahu 60:20).

*The three gematriaot of this comment refer to various aspects of Yaakov's life: He continually had angelic visions and visitations (28:12, 31:11, 32:2, 32:4 [with Rashi], 32:25-26 [ with Baal HaTurim to v26] and 48:16); the aroma of the Garden of Eden accompanied him; and Yaakov did not die (VeChur LaZahav).

Ish tam - A wholesome man.

The final letters of these two words spell the name Shem.  Implied is that Yaakov dwelt in the tents of Shem to learn [Torah from him]. (Peirush HaRokeach)

For tam (=440) years he [i.e., the nations descended from Yaakov] was dwelling; from the time the Yisraelim (Israelites) entered the Land of Yisrael until the Temple was built.  This is an allusion that after 440 years, he would dwell in the tents of the Divine Presence.

Yoshev ohalim - Dwelling in tents.

The gematria of yoshev ohalim is 410.  For 410 years, the Divine Presence dwelt in the Tent.

*The First Temple stood for 410 years.  Combining this comment with the previous one yields: tam yoshev ohalim, [After a period of] 440 [years, the Divine Presence will dwell for] 410 [years].

Ekev asher-shama Avraham - Because Avraham obeyed.

This verse contains 10 words, corresponding to the Ten Commandments, in which there are ekev (=172) words.  Corresponding to these Ten Commandments, Avraham was tested with 10 trials, and thus maintained the world that was created with 10 utterances.

*The Baal HaTurim refers to the first Luchot (Tablets) of the Ten Commandments (Shemot 20:2-14); the second Luchot contain 189 words (Devarim 5:6-18).

For ekev (=172) years Avraham obeyed My voice, for at the age of three he recognized his Creator, and all his years were 175. (Nedarim 32a)

Thus, too, the letter heh (=5) was added to Avraham's name, corresponding to [the 5 matters listed in this verse]:

1) bekoli - to My voice
2) mishmarti - My safeguard
3) mitzvotai - My commandments
4) chukotai - My decrees
5) vetorotai - and My Torahs

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Resource:

- Baal HaTurim

Sunday, November 15, 2009

Rabbi Yaakov Ben Asher - Baal HaTurim

For He Shall Never Be Moved;
The righteous shall be held in everlasting remembrance
Tehillim 112:6


Rabbi Yaakov Ben Asher
1269-1340

A major halachic authority, was known as the 'Baal ha-Turim' after his influential magnum opus, the Arab'a Turim ("Four Columns"), which is one of the earliest systematic compilations of Jewish law and custom.

Rabbi Yaakov was taught by his famous father, the ROSH - Rabbi Asher ben Yehiel.  Rabbi Yaakov was completely immersed in his studies. He had witnessed the cruelties of his non-Jewish neighbors and government officials, and only in the study of the Torah could he find comfort and peace.

Under the guidance of his father, Rabbi Yaakov became fully acquainted with the entire Talmud and commentaries, especially with the works of Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon (Maimonides) who lived less than a hundred years before him. He studied the Talmud discussions and decisions of the great German, French and Spanish scholars, which he was later to harmonize into his major life work.

Wishing to make it easier for his brethren to acquire knowledge of Jewish law, so that they could regulate their daily life according to the Torah, Rabbi Yaakov ben Asher decided to create a uniform code for his people.

The Turim, is methodically arranged in four parts or rows (alluding to the four rows of precious stones mounted on the high priest's breastplate of judgement):

1) Orach Chayim (way of life) dealing with the duties of the Jew at home and in the synagogue, day by day, including Shabbat and Chagim.

2) Yoreh De'ah (teacher of knowledge), furnishing instruction in things forbidden and permitted, such as all phases of dietary laws.

3) Even ha-Ezer (stone of help) encompassing the laws of marriage and family matters

4) Choshen Mishpat (breastplate of judgment), describing civil law and administration.  The Biblical place name Even ha-Ezer is mentioned three times in the first book of Shmuel 4:1; 5:1; 7:12.  Ezer (help) alludes to marriage in Bereishit 2:18.  The name Choshen Mishpat is borrowed from Shemot 28:15.

Based on Maimonides' (RaMBaM) Mishneh Torah in both contents and language, the Tur, as the code is commonly called, became so popular that it was regarded as "the people's law book of the entire world" but unlike the RaMBaM, who simply gave a final decision without discussion, the Turim quote the views of many Poskim, (codifiers), and many customs which acquired the force of law.  Eventually, it became the basis of the Shulchan Aruch, consisting likewise of four parts bearing the same titles.  Designed to supply coordinated information for the average Jew, both law codes concern themselves only with laws practiced after the destruction of the Second Temple, omitting all precepts which presuppose the existence of the Temple.*

The Arab'a Turim are the standard reference books of rabbis and scholars to this very day. Their clear and simple style makes them highly popular and understandable.

Rabbi Yaakov ben Asher also wrote a commentary on the Torah, which shows his deep knowledge of the secrets of the Torah. His commentary, in abbreviated form, is generally printed together with most standard Chumashim, under the name of "Baal Haturim." It is a treasure chest of hidden meanings which he discovered in the letters and words of the holy text, through combinations, numerical additions, etc., showing the profound depth of the Torah.
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Source:

-Encyclopedia of Jewish Concepts
-Chabad.org

Lashon HaRa

Lashon HaRa
Evil Tongue / Slanderous Talk


Lashon HaRa encompasses all forms of forbidden speech (gossip, slander, lying, etc.).

VaYikra 19:16 "You shall not go about spreading slander among your people..."

According to the Talmud, slander is a hideous capital crime; a slanderer is like one who denies G-d.  G-d says of the slanderer:  "He and I cannot live together in the world" (Arachin 15b)

The term slaner has been defined as the utterance or dissemination of false statements or reports concernikng a person, or malicious misrepresentation of his actions, in order to defame or injure him.  In Jewish tradition, the law in VaYikra 19:16 is understood to forbid the peddling of gossip, even if the report is true and told without malice (Yad, Deot 7:2)

Prayer to Resist Speaking Lashon HaRa

Master of the world, may it be Your will, gracious and Almighty, to grant me the merit today and every day to guard my mouth and my tongue not to be ensnared into forbidden speech, specifically the sins of lashon hara (slander) and rechilut (gossip);
...that I avoid speaking against an individual and surely against Yisrael as a whole - an extremely grave sin - and, even worse, complaining against the Holy One's treatment - which is the worse sin of all;
...that I avoid lying;
...that I avoid flattering - smoothing over someone's sin to his face;
...that I avoid scoffing and the company of scoffers;
...that I be careful not to pain anyone with words;
...that I be careful not to embarrass any person even while reproving him;
...that I be careful not to speak arrogantly;
...that I be careful not to spark strife;
...that I be careful not to spark anger.


Grant me the merit to speak only what is essential to my physical and spiritual well being, and that everything I do and say should be a credit to Your Name.

_________________

Resouces:

-Sefer Hatechinot Vatitpalel Chanah - Techinot for the Jewish woman
-Chafetz Chayim - Sefer Chafetz Chayim - The Laws of Esurei LaShon HaRa and Rechilut

Friday, November 13, 2009

Hadlakah - Lighting Shabbat Candles

Shabbat Shalom!


Bereishit 24:67 And Yitzchak brought her into the tent of Sarah his mother; he married Rivkah, she became his wife, and he loved her; and thus was Yitzchak consoled after his mother.

Rashi notes that as long as Sarah was alive a lamp was lit from one Shabbat eve to the next; the benediction was made over the dough (which she kneeded); and a cloud hovered over the tent.  When she died this all ceased, but when Rivkah came everything began once again.

And a fourth blessing Sarah brought to Avraham's house...their doors were always open wide since she always gave generous alms to the poor.

These three hallmarks of Sarah's tent correspond to the three main duties of the Jewish wife:  to light Shabbat lights (hadlakah), to separate challah from the dough, which assures a blessing from above (challah), and to observe the laws of purity of conjugal life (taharat hamishpacha).  They draw the presence and protection of the Divine Majesty which hovers invisibly over the home as in a column of "cloud over the tent."


Hadlakah (lighting; kindling)

The Sages set forth three reasons why we light Shabbat candles.  First, for peace and harmony in the home (shalom bayit); second, to honor Shabbat and third, to create pleasure.

Our sages tell us that the moments of Shabbat candle lighting are a time of teshuvah, of returning to our spiritual source.  With the flames in front of us, our hands covering our eyes and our focus turned inward, we reflect upon what went right or wrong in the past week and evaluate whether life is leading us in the proper direction.  We ask ourselves whether we are on a path lit by truth, or whether we are still in the dark.  Torah itself is compared to light, because it is the ultimate source of direction and clarity. Thus the Shabbat candles connect us intimately to Torah.  When a Jewish woman lights candles on Friday evening she aligns herself with Torah's eternal order and harmony.  From this place of profound connection, she gains the ability to bring the same clarity to her surroundings.

The candle (ner) symbolizes our neshamah (soul), our intellect, our personal shalom bayit (peace in the house).  Without this light we cannot see, there is no clarity, no relationship to other objects in the room, just as spiritually, without light (Torah), we don't have the clarity to know which path to take that leads to Hashem.  So, the Shabbat candle helps us to not only see physically but also represents a spiritual 'seeing' that is obtained through Torah out of sincere kavanah (feeling) towards learning and living as instructed.

Only then will we experiece true shalom bayit, as both our physical and neshamah will be pulling together to lead us in the same direction....towards the Torah's way..towards HaShem Elokeinu, Baruch Hu.

In the atmosphere created by our candles, we are free to meditate on our common goals as Jews and to experience the repose of peace and harmony that is uniquely Shabbat. By refraining from activities of the week and by bringing G-d into the picture, we acknowledge that we Jews share a belief and
a way of life according to Torah, which is the basis of our identity as a people.  We see others united by virtue of their business or hobbies, but this bond is based only on common interest, rather than timeless values.  The Jewish woman promotes the essential cohesiveness of the Jewish Nation each time she lights.

As bearers of light, women draw down from above the spiritual clarity of Shabbat, and then disseminate it throughout the week to come. The candle light of Shabbat expresses the inherent peace of the individual and collective Jewish soul.  It is no wonder then that candle lighting is a woman's obligation, since it is she who unifies and creates peace in her household.

On this day, at the behest of the Torah, we are to refrain from all productive activity. For this one day we relinquish our domination over the world and its resources. This is why the Hebrew name of this day is Shabbat, which does not mean "rest" but "cessation of activity." On this day we, so to speak, restore the world to G-d, and thus proclaim, to ourselves and to others, that our life in this world has higher, spiritual aims.

Preparation for lighting the Shabbat Candles

Place candles on the table where you plan to eat dinner, or in a prominent place where you can see them from the dinner table.

Single women may prepare either one or two candles.  A married woman generally prepares two candles.  She may add an additional candle for each of her children.  (Young girls of three or older, who are capable of
understanding the concept of Shabbat, can be provided with a candlestick and taught to kindle Shabbat lights.)

Some have a custom of putting a few coins in a charity box ("pushke") prior to lighting.

It is important to light your candles on time.  Candles are lit 18 minutes before sunset every Friday. Young girls should light just prior to this time.

Click the following link for candle lighting times in your area:  http://www.radwin.org/hebcal/?c=on


Procedure for lighting Shabbat candles

1)  Light the candles.  Next, spread your hands in a circular motion around the candles, drawing your hands inward towards yourself each time to indicate the acceptance of Shabbat.

2)  Cover your eyes and recite the following blessing:

Baruch atah HaShem Elo-heinu Melech Ha-olam asher kid'shanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu l'hadlik ner shel Shabbat.
Blessed are You, Hashem, our G-d, King of the universe, Who has sanctified us with His commandments, and has commanded us to kindle the light of the Shabbat.

3)  Uncover your eyes and look at the Shabbat lights.  At this time, you may wish to add your own words of prayer or thanksgiving.

A woman should light the Shabbat lamp with joyous heart and with pleasure, for it is a supreme honor for her. It serves as a source of great merit for her to be blessed with holy sons who will be a source of light to the world in Torah knowledge and fear of G-d,and will bring more peace into the world. She also thereby causes her husband’s lifetime to be prolonged. For all of these reasons, she should be meticulous in the lighting of the Shabbat lamp. (Zohar: Bereishit).

Some people prepare two wicks [or candles] for the Shabbat lamp, one corresponding to the commandment “Remember the day of Shabbat,” and the other corresponding to the commandment “Observe the day of Shabbat.” 

The Tur states that the Beit Yosef and the Kolbo quote the Tanchuma on this matter which states,

“All the matters of the Shabbat come in pairs, e.g. two lambs are offered at the Holy Temple as an additional offering for the Sabbath, the Psalm of Shabbat uses the repetetive wording - “A song, A hymn for the Sabbath day” (Psalms 92), and a double portion of Mann descended for Shabbat. Therefore, we also light two lamps (Tur Orach Chaim 263).
Our sages, with their unique gift for epigram, expressed in the Passover Haggadah the fact that the Sabbath contains the sum and substance of Jewish life and thought in the words:

"If G-d had not brought us to Har Sinai and had only given us the Shabbat, it would have been enough."
It would indeed have been enough, for Shabbat epitomizes the whole of Judaism.

___________________


Source Commentaries:


Call Of The Torah - Chayei Sarah, Rabbi Munk
MeAm Lo'ez - Chayei Sarah - Rabbi Culi
Women in Judaism.  The Jewish Renaissance Center - http://www.jewishrenaissance.org/ .
The Sabbath: A Guide to its Understanding and Observance

Life of Sarah - Chayei Sarah

Parashat Chayei Sarah
Bereishit 23:1 - 25:18
Haftarah 1Melachim 1:1-31


Life of Sarah
(Picture is burial of Sarah)

Bereishit 23:2 Sarah died in Kiryat-arba which is Chevron in the land of Kena'an; and Avraham came to eulogize Sarah and to bewail her..

Kiryat-arba, the old name for Chevron.  Why does Torah give the original name since it immediately adds the name, Chevron, normally used?  Rashi explains that the word arba refers either to the four giants living there or to the four couples (Adam & Chavah, Avraham & Sarah, Yitzchak & Rivkah, Ya'akov and Leah) buired there.  The Zohar, however, sees in the name kiryat-arba a reference to the four letters of the Divine Name (i.e., the Tetragrammaton).  Just as Aharon, Miryam, and Moshe all expired by the Divine kiss, Sarah too died innocent and pure, in "the enclosure (kirat = city, surrounding wall) of the four" letters of the Ineffable Name.

The Torah stresses in verse 19 that Sarah died in the land of Kena'an and was buried there.  This detail can give us the explanation of why she died in Chevron.  She had lived in Be'er-sheva and no explanation is given for her moving from there.  However, one can see why her death and burial should have taken place in Kena'an and not in Be'er-sheva, which was located in Pelishti (Philistine) territory.  Indeed, it was essential for the future of the Jewish people that the tombs of the patriarchs be situated in the Promise Land.  Throughout the centuries of history, in all the lands of the dispersion, they represented the eternal symbol of the homeland and the rallying point for the whole nation.  And so, Sarah's move to Chevron, where she died, was an act of Providence.  Avraham would have had no valid reason for wanting to buy the cave of Machpelah from the sons of Chet had Sarah died in Be'er-sheva and not in Chevron.

-----------------------------

Mishma Dumah Massa

Bereishit 25:12 These are the descendants of Yishma'el, Avraham's son, whom Hagar the Mitzrian, Sarah's maidservant, bore to Avraham.  13 These are the names of the sons of Yishma'el by their names, in order of their birth: Yishma'el's firstborn Nevayot, Kedar, Adbe'el, and Mivsam,  14 Mishma, and Dumah, and Massa,  15 Chadad and Tema, Yetur, Nafish, and Kedemah.  16 These are the sons of Yishma'el, and these are their names by their open cities and by their strongholds, twelve chieftains for their nations.  17 These were the years of Yishma'el's life: a hundred and thirty-seven years, when he expired and died, and was gathered to his people.  18 They dwelt from Chavilah to Shur - which is near Mitzrayim - toward Ashshur; over all his brothers he dwelt.

It is customary to read the verses containing the names of Yishma'el's sons each day as part of the Ma'amadot.

Each verse teaches us a lesson:


Mishma Dumah Massa

If one hears (mishma) people insult him but remains quit (dumah), all his sins will be lifted away (masa).  His reward will be Chadad Tema Yetur Nafish Kedmah - He will become very sharp (chadad) in his knowledge of the Torah, and he will be able to speak of its (tema) mysteries.  G-d will keep (yetur) him and make his name as great (nafish) as the sages of old (kedmah). (Imrey Noam)

Rambam speaks of the Moslem oppression of the Jews at the end of his Epistle to Yemen (Igeret Teyman).  He quotes this verse containing the names of Yishma'el's children and explains, "Our Sages enjoin us to bear the treachery of the Yishma'eli and their lies with indifference.  This they derived from the verse which names the children of Yishma'el.  The names mean shema dom vesa (listen, be quiet, and bear it)."

Yishma'el's sons were very famous; they founded great, fortified cities, and dominated the broad area between Chavilah and Shur, and Baghdad, in what was the land of Assyria.  Thus, G-d's promise to Avraham regarding Yishma'el (21:13) was fulfilled.

Because Yishma'el went to the trouble of coming from the desert to attend Avraham's funeral, he deserved the names of his sons to be written in the Torah. (Yafeh Toar p. 371)

Yishma'el died in the year 2171 (1590 b.c.e.).  According to Rashi, Yishma'el's lifespan is given in order to make a connection with the years which Ya'akov lived.  Ramban adds that our Sages gave other reasons as well (Rabbah 62), but that the essential motive is the fact that Yishma'el had repented and became tzaddik.  Consequently the Torah gives his lifespan just as it does for other tzaddik.

"Over all his brothers he dwelt"...literally, "he fell."  The next verse begins, "And these are the offspring of Yitzchak."  This teaches you that when Yishma'el falls at the end of days, only then will the history of Yitzchak commence, under the reign of the Mashiach (Baal HaTurim).


-----------------------
Source:


MeAm Lo'ez - Chayei Sarah - Rabbi Culi
Call Of The Torah - Chayei Sarah, Rabbi Munk
Baal HaTurim

Saturday, November 7, 2009

The One Whom G-d Loves

The One Whom G-d Loves

You may ask, is not a man often punished by G-d undeservedly?

The answer is that when suffering befalls a righteous man, it is on account of the love which G-d bears for him.  He crushes his body in order to give more power to his soul, so that He may draw him nearer in love. For it is needful that the body should be weak and the soul strong, so that a man may be beloved of G-d.

The Holy One inflicts suffering on the righteous in this world in order that they may merit the world to come.

But he who is weak of soul and strong of body is hated of G-d.

It is because G-d has no pleasure in him that He inflicts no pain upon him in this world, but permits his life to flow smoothly along with ease and comfort, in that for any virtuous act he may perform he receives his reward in this world, so that no portion should be left in the next world.

The righteous man, then, who is continually broken in body is the beloved of the Holy One, blessed be He.

Source:  Zohar

Friday, November 6, 2009

Shabbat Shalom

Shabbat Shalom!




Ki eshm'rah Shabbat E-l yishm'reni Ot hi l'olmei ad beino uveini
Just as I keep Shabbat, G-d will keep me. It is a symbol for all eternity between Him and me.

Parashat VaYera - And He Appeared

Bereishit 18:1 - 22:24
Haftarah 2Melachim 4:1-37



And He Appeared
Sedom's Sins

Bereishit 18:17 And HaShem said, "Shall I conceal from Avraham what I do, 
18 now that Avraham is surely to become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall bless themselves by him?  
19 For I haved loved him, because he commands his children and his household after him that they keep the way of HaShem, doing charity and justice, in order that HaShem might then bring upon Avraham that which He had spoken of him."   
20 So HaShem said, "Because the outcry of Sedom and 'Amorah has become great, and because their sin has been very grave, 
21 I will descend and see: If they act in accordance with its outcry which has come to Me - then destruction! and if not, I will know."

Sedom was a very wealthy city, exporting gold and precious stones. The area had so many resources that its populance had not financial worries. No other city was blessed like Sedom. (Pirkey Rabbi Eliezer) The people, however, were very wicked.  In general, Sedom was distinguished by four sins. (Sanhedrin, Chapter 10)

1) Sexual immorality. A 6-hour journey from Sedom, there was an oasis containing pleasant springs and beautiful fruit trees. Every July, the people of the five cities, Sedom, 'Amorah, Admah, Tzevoyim and Tzo'ar, would come together and have a carnival. For four days and four nights, there would be eating, drinking, and revelling. Men and women would go together without regard to marital status, or family relationship. Sins such as adultery, incest and homosexuality were the norm at such celebrations. (Sefer HaYashar)

2) Would not allow travelers to pass through their cities. An agreement had been made that no hospitality be given, and that any traveler would have to spend the night in the street. Even the trees around the city were cut down so that birds would not receive any hospitality. (Pirkey Rabbi Eliezer)

3) Crime and Corruption.

4) Murder. The warped system of justice in these cities caused many people to be killed unjustly.

The people of Sedom were so wicked and corrupt that they deserved to be utterly destroyed. Even if they had repented, they did not deserve to have been forgiven. Still, HaShem had mercy on them, and gave them every opportunity to change their ways.

These cities stood for 52 years. For 25 years before they were destroyed, G-d provided them with portents from heaven that they were destined for calamity. Great earthquakes shook the area, and after each earthquake, a rainbow was visible (Bereishit 9:16). Torrential rains fell also; and the priests read all these as signs of impending doom. Still, they did not change their ways. (Yafeh Toar)

Hospitality is one of the mitzvot of the Torah, but the Torah had not yet been given. One might wonder why this was considered a sin, since hospitality is not included among the 7 universal mitzvot. Hospitality is such a logical act of kindness that people should do it without being commanded. How can a person see a fellow human being dying of starvation without having pity? (Bachya)

In general, G-d takes revenge when a person is hard hearted toward the poor. The cry of the poor ascends to heaven. One must also be very careful not to give the poor reason to curse him.G-d hears their cries even when they are without reason. (Tosafot, Rosh Hashanah, Chapter 1).

For all these reasons Sedom deserved to be annihilated.

Before destroying Sedom, G-d informed Avraham of His plans.

There were 7 reasons for this:

1) Sedom and its neighbors were in the land of Kena'an. Since G-d had given Avraham the entire land of Kenaan, He saw fit to inform him before He destroyed a portion of it. (Rashi; Zohar, p. 105)


2) Avraham was destined to become a great nation; he would be renowned as a great saint and doer of good.  Hearing of the destruction of these cities, people might ask, "Since Avraham is beloved by G-d, why did He not reveal what He was about to do? And if Avraham was informed, why did he not pray for them?" G-d therefore saw that it would be best to inform him. (Ramban)


3) Avraham's nephew lived in Sedom. (Yafeh Toar, p. 284)


4) Avraham was called the "father of a horde of nations." (17:3) It would not be proper to destroy a nation without informing its "father." (Rashi; Bereyshit Rabbah)


5) In Parashat Lech Lecha was described how G-d showed Avraham the punishments of purgatory. Since people cannot see them, however, they do not believe in them. G-d therefore informed Avraham of the sins of Sedom as well as the punishment destined for them. People would then be able to see with their own eyes that Avraham's source of information was accurate, and they would also see an example of divine punishment. (Bereishit Rabbah)


6) Avraham knew all the mysteries of the Torah before it was given [to Yisrael]. He was therefore aware even of the judgments handed down by the tribunal on high. Since nothing was concealed from him, it was fitting that he be made aware of the destiny of Sedom. (Ibid.)


7) During the war between Nimrod and Sedom, when Lot was taken prisoner, Avraham had taken Sedom's side against Nimrod. When Avraham saw that the Sedomi had retreated rather than fight, he assumed that they were pacifists who would do anything rather than take a human life. He thus had a very good impression of them, and could not imagine them as sinners. If G-d had destroyed them without informing Avraham of the reason, he would have thought their destruction was for no reason. (Tanchuma)


For all these reasons, G-d waited in Avraham's house in order to inform him.

R' Judah b. Levi said:
This may be compared to a king who made a gift of an orchard to his friend. Some time later he found that he had to cut down five beams in it. Said he: Although it was mine, and it was I who gave it to my friend, it is not right for me to cut down anything in it without cousulting him. Similarly, when Avraham went up to Eretz Yisrael, the Holy One, Baruch Hu, told him: "Raise now your eyes and look out from where you are: northward, southward, eastward and westward. For all the land that you see, to you will I give it..." (Bereishit 13:14-15). Therefore when He desired to destroy these five cities, Sedom, 'Amorah, Admah, Tzevoyim and Lasha, which according to tradition, were also destroyed, He declared, "I cannot destroy them without Avraham's knoweldge." Hence when He was actually about to overthrow them He took counsel with him, as our text states.

R' Hiyya said:
The Almighty informs the tzaddikim in advance so that they may call the rashim to do teshuvah and thereby avert their decreed punishment. Also, to leave no loophole for any complaint that He punishes unjustly.

R' Eleazar said:
If the Holy One, whose acts are truth and whose ways are just, does not execute His intentions before revealing them to the tzaddikim, so that men may have no possiblity of censuring His acts; how much more mere mortals take care that their actions give no grounds for the spreading of evil reports about them. Thus it is written, "And you shall be clean before HaShem and before Yisrael" (BaMidbar 32:22). (Zohar 1, 104b)

Source commentaries sited:


MeAm Lo'ez - Vayera, Culi
Encyclopedia of Biblical Interpretation, Kasher

Wednesday, November 4, 2009

The Garden of Emuna

Book Recommendation

The Garden of Emuna (Faith)
A Practical Guide to Life
Author: Rabbi Shalom Arush
Translated by: Rabbi Lazer Brody


Emuna is the belief that there is none other than HaShem, whose Divine Providence is the root of all things and all events.

I believe with complete emuna that the Creator, blessed be His name, is the Creator and Ruler of all the creations, He alone did, does, and will do every single deed. (Thirteen Principles of Faith).
This book touches your heart and soul.  Comparing faith to a garden, this book leads the reader into the beautiful world of true emuna - an existence marked by its exquisite limitlessness and a manner of living that is harmonious with G-d's will.

The Garden of Emuna address life's age-old riddles in clear and simple form. Rabbi Shalom Arush masterfully brings the lofty teachings of Rebbe Nachman of Breslev - the greatest doctor of the soul that ever lived - to the contemporary reader's eye level. He gives the reader time-tested tools to deal effectively with life's most challenging situations.

The Garden of Emuna, having originally appeared in Hebrew as B'Gan Ha'Emuna, has been acclaimed by rabbinical leaders and lay readers from around the world.

Once you read this book, you won't know how you ever lived without it.  The following link is just one of many Judaic shops that The Garden of Emunah is available for purchase:

Judaism.com

Saturday, October 31, 2009

Tikkun HaKlali (General Remedy)




Tikkun HaKlali is a selection of Ten Psalms that Rabbi Nachman recommened for recital as a general spiritual remedy bringing inner purity and joy as well as many other benefits.

The psalms are: 16, 32, 41, 42, 59, 77, 90, 105, 137 and 150.

They are to be recited in the same order in which they appear in Sefer Tehillim (Book of Psalms).

The Ten Psalms correspond to the Ten Kinds of Song.  These ten melodies are the true remedy.  There is a specific remedy for each sin, but this is the General Remedy. (Sichot Haran #141)

The Tikkun HaKlali video/music is by Erez Yechiel set to an entrancing meditative melody while being sung, in prayer), by the artist and is available at Remarkable Maven website.

There are places so fine and narrow that no remedy has the power to penetrate them except through the Tikkun HaKlali (General Remedy), which injects healing into even the narrowest, finest places.  First it is necessary to apply the General Remedy, and through this all the individual flaws will automatically be rectified.

Rabbi Nachman:

I am very positive in everything I say.  But I am most positive in regard to the great benefit of these Ten Psalms.

Friday, October 30, 2009

Shabbat Shalom - Sabbath Scene from Fiddler on the Roof

Shabbat Shalom!

Parashat Lech Lecha

"To your seed I have given this land..."


Parashat Lech Lecha
Bereishit 12:1 - 17:27


What made Avraham unique? Why was he so beloved by G-d? After all, he wasn't the first tzaddik - righteous man - to walk the earth. Noach was also called tzaddik. Nor was Avraham the first human to be addressed by G-d or entrusted by G-d with a task to perform. Again Noach preceded Avraham on both counts. So what distinguished Avraham, and why was G-d determined to make him "the father of a multitude of nations?" (Genesis 17:4)

Torah introduces us to Avraham avinu, (Abraham our patriarch), at the age of seventy five, exactly half way through his life. It is at this point that G-d first calls to Avraham, "Go forth from your land and from your birthplace and from your father's house, to the land that I will show you." (ibid 12:1) This is, indeed, the first time that G-d spoke directly to Avraham, but it didn't occur in a vacuum. An extensive midrashic literature fills in for us what transpired during Avraham's first seventy five years. As a child he already questioned the bon-ton politically correct assumptions of his day. His father Terach crafted and sold idols for good money. Demand was high, and it was an honest living. But young Avraham questioned the underlining veracity of the idol worship culture in which he was steeped, and one day, when left on his own to tend his father's store, he smashed all the idols. All the idols but one, that is, and when Terach returned, and to his great dismay, discovered the shattered idols, he demanded to know who was responsible. Avraham pointed to the one standing idol, "He did it." "Balderdash!" Terach castigated him, "That's only a lifeless lump of clay!" And so Avraham began his life-long effort of seeking G-d in the world and making His presence known to his fellow man.

And it is this which distinguished Avraham. Avraham sought G-d, long before G-d sought Avraham. Noach was a tzaddik, but Avraham was a man of tzedaka - he actively extended himself toward his fellow man, and expressed his love of the One G-d through his acts of kindness to others. Noach walked with G-d, but Avraham walked before G-d, searching G-d's ways, questioning G-d's justice, testing G-d's promise. Precocious from the get-go, Avraham showed to G-d the "sign of life" that G-d had been waiting twenty generations to see! At last a child of G-d that sought out his Heavenly Father, spending a lifetime emulating G-d's attributes of loving kindness and building a community of fellow seekers.

Little wonder that G-d took such delight in Avraham and saw to it that Avraham and Sara would give birth to a single child, Yitzchak, through whom the future nation of Israel would be built, and showed to Avraham the land of Israel, precious in G-d's eye, to be inherited by Avraham's progeny.

Today, a thousand generations later, Avraham's children have returned to the land. Just as G-d commanded Avraham to walk the length and the breadth of the land, and to thereby inherit it, we, too, must traverse the land of Israel from the north to the south and from the west to the east, and by doing so, take possession of it. But the key to our return is not simply traversing the land in a mechanical fashion, but traversing the land as Avraham did, spreading G-d's light, revealing G-d's way, and sharing G-d's love with our fellow man. For we are the seed of Avraham, and to us G-d has given this land.

-Rabbi Chaim Richman of The Temple Institute www.templeinstitute.org

Monday, October 26, 2009

Yarzeit of Rachel Imeinu

11 Cheshvan - Yarzeit of Rachel Imeinu
(falls on Thursday Oct. 29, 2009) 


Born: 2170 (1590 BCE)
Died: 2208 (1557  BCE)

On the eleventh of Cheshvan, while giving birth to her 2nd son,  Binyamin, Rachel, the beloved wife of Ya'akov, died, and was buried on the road to Beit Lechem (Bethlehem).

Our mother Rachel was not buried in the tile cave of Machpelah in Chevron (Hevron) together with the other Matriarchs and Patriarchs of our people. Instead, she was buried on the road toYerushalayim, exactly where she died, while coming back toYerushalayim from the House of Lavan with Yaakov.

Why was Rachel buried on the road in Beit Lechem?

According to our Sages, Ya'akov saw prophetically in the future, that Jewish exiles would pass by on that road and she might seek mercy for them.

When Nebuzaradan exiled the Jews from Yisrael, and they in fact passed her grave, Rachel emerged to weep and to ask for mercy in their behalf: "Thus says HaShem, 'A voice is heard in Ramah (or on high), lamentation and bitter weeping, Rachel weeping for her children; she refuses to be comforted over her children, for they are gone.'" (Yirmeyahu 3l:14) And G-d in fact answers: "Thus says HaShem, 'Keep your voice from crying and your eyes from weeping: for your labors will be rewarded,' says HaShem, 'And [your children] shall return from the land of the enemy'" (Rashi Va'yechi, and Midrashim quoted by Radak, Yirmeyahu 31).

The Midrash states that Rachel weeps for the destruction of Yisrael more than any other of the Patriarchs or Matriarchs, because it was Rachel who strived the most to establish the House of Yisrael.  Had Rachel refused to accept the request of her father, Lavan, to have her sister, Leah, become Yaakov's wife instead of her, the House of Yisrael would have received an entirely different form.  Leah would never have married Yaakov, and the handmaids, Bilha and Zilpah, who married Yaakov as a result of Rachel's strong desire to enlarge Yaakov's family, would not have married him either.

Rachel is assured that Jews wil continue to visit her grave, where they will pour out their hearts in prayer and weeping (Yirmeyahu 31:16).  This verse alludes to the remarkable fact that Rachel's tomb has been preserved to this very day, nearly 4,000 years after its construction.


From the time when the People of Yisrael went into their first exile until Yirmeyahu's prophecy of redemption ("And [your children] shall return from the land of the enemy"), the grave of our mother Rachel has always been and will always remain a House of Prayer to Yisrael, for she is a mother to all Yisrael, and always awakens mercy in their behalf.

May the merit of the tzaddeket Rachel Imeinu  protect us all, Amein.

















[MeAm Lo'ez, Rabbi Bachya, OU]

Friday, October 23, 2009

The Eternal Jew


The Eternal Jew



by
Dov Ben Shlomo

I was there when Abraham argued for Sodom
I ached at the lash that bound Isaac to the alter
I struggled with the Angel that Jacob defeated
The Angel, who changed our name to Israel
I screamed as the blows of my brothers fell
And I was sold with Joseph, with his brothers, into slavery
An accident of disposition, position, revelation
Conflict Resolution.



I stood at the foot of Mount Sinai.
I waited with anticipation;
I saw the bush enflame.
Yet, I beheld it's preservation.
I was counted among the emancipated;
As I eagerly embraced the commanding Word.
An accident of chronology, history, legacy
Temporal Morphology.

I am a Jew
A Hopelessly, piously irreverent Jew
Standing in the face of death,
Affirming life.

I rejoiced when David captured Jerusalem
I sang at the building of the Temple
I wept by the rivers of Babylon
While I kept my faith,
my hope, burning.
I saw our return Home
And the rise of the Jewish Commonwealth
An Accident of emotion, connection, passion
Emotive Displacement

I stood helpless as Herod forsook his people
I was in ruins when the Temple fell
I died of hopelessness on the top of Mount Massada
Fearing for the future of my people.
I was banished from my home
Left to wander with each new expulsion
An accident of motility, mobility, futility
Compulsive Intransigence

I am a Jew
A lost, anchored and wandering Jew
Witnessing the slaughter
Bearing the Hope

I was at Buchenwald and Treblinka.
I witnessed the slaughter;
I saw the flames.
Still, I echo the cries of anguish
I am left to mourn their passing;
But, I remain to acclaim their existence.
An accident of geography, vicinity, locality
Empathetic Proximity.

I lived to see my homeland restored
I worked the land from dawn until dusk
I made the desert bloom
And, I stood watch as its existence was threatened
I beheld the miracles of Entebbe, Ethiopia, Russia
"The Temple Mount is in our hands! The Temple Mount is in our hands!"
A people restored to their future.
An accident of perseverance, persistence, resistance
Divine Devotion

I am a Jew
A stubborn, rigidly flexible Jew
Attesting to the brutality of humanity
Maintaining its Divinity.

I Believe
With Perfect Faith
In the Holiness of Humanity...
I Believe With Perfect Faith
In the Coming of the Mashiach ...
Even though he may tarry
I still Believe.



SHABBAT SHALOM!

Sunday, October 18, 2009

Haftarah Noach

My love shall not budge from you...
Haftarah Noach


Yeshayahu 54:10  The mountains may move and the hills may collapse, but My love shall not budge from you and My Covenant of shalom shall not fail, says the Merciful One, HaShem.


Even if G-d's oath to Noach were to falter and the foundations of earth were to fail, His oath to the Jewish people will stand for all times and His love for them will transcend Creation.

Even if the forefathers' and matriarchs' merits have come to an end, G-d's love for His people will not cease - their own closeness to G-d will earn them His Covenant of peace.

Your suffering in exile was to bring you back to Him, so that He be called your Holy One.  He is your Master who provides all your needs, both the material and the spiritual - surely He will bring you Redemption!

[MeAm Lo'ez]

Parashat Noach

This is the sign of the covenant...
Parashat Noach


Bereishit 9:9-15  Behold, I am making a covenant with you and with your offspring after you.  And with every living creature that is with you, with the birds, the animals, and all the beasts of the earth with you, all who departed from the ark, including every living creature on earth.  I will keep my covenant with you, that never again will all flesh be cut off by flood waters, never again will flood waters destroy the earth.  Elokim said, This is the sign of the covenant that I pledge between Myself and you, and between every living creature that is with you, for the generations of all time.  I have set my [rain] bow in the clouds, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between Myself and the earth.  At a time when I bring clouds over the earth, the [rain] bow will be seen in the clouds.  I shall remember My covenant that is between Myself and you, and between every living soul in all flesh, that never again will flood waters destroy all flesh.


G-d promised Noach that He would never again cause a flood.  He now said to Noach, "I have already promised you this.  But now I will give you a sign to put your mind at ease, so you will not be concerned.  I will produce this sign when the Attribute of Justice denounces the world and argues that it should be destroyed once again, because people are wicked.  The world will then begin to be covered with dark clouds, and the skies will turn black.  Then, suddenly, the rainbow will appear.  The attribute of Justice will then remember G-d's oath never again to cause a universal flood, and this Attribute will remain still. (Rashi)

This sign of the rainbow is not one that is visible on a daily basis whenever there are clouds in the sky as the wording of the Torah might suggest.  The rainbow is also not visible on every rainy day.  However, in a generation which is guilty of sins it appears in order to remind people of G-d's commitment.  When a rainbow is seen, it is a sign that people are wicked, and deserve to be wiped out by another flood.

When one sees a rainbow, he should say the following blessing:

Blessed are You, O G-d our L-rd, King of the Universe, Who recalls the covenant, Who is faithful in His promise, and Who keeps His word.

 [MeAm Lo'ez, Rabbi Bachya, Rashi]

Parashat Noach - Noach built an altar to G-d

Noach built an altar to G-d...
Parashat Noach


Bereishit 8:20  Noach built an alter to G-d.  He took of all the clean domestic animals and of all the clean birds, and he sacrificed burnt offerings on the altar.

After Noach had completed the evacuation of the ark, and had arranged all things in their proper places, he began to think: "Why did G-d command me to bring seven of each kosher (clean) creature into the ark?  If it was only to replenish the world, a single pair would be enough. G-d's command indicates that He wishes that I offer some of them as a sacrifice. (Bereishit Rabbah 34).

He also learned this in another way.  At first the kosher animals came just like the others, a single pair.  Then G-d told Noach to bring an additional six pair of each kosher species into the ark.  These he was to bring in personally, with his own hands.  Noach deduced that G-d intended that eh should bring these additional ones as sacrifices.  G-d had therefore commanded him to bring them in with his own hands, that he have a portion in preparing for this important act. (RaMBaN on Bereishit 7:8)  Noach's sacrifice to G-d impacted on all of mankind.  HaShem gave His blessing to mankind after Noach's sacrifice.

Based on these first seven verses of Bereishit 9, is the existence of seven fundamental laws that apply to all humanity. These laws are called "Sheva Mitzvot B'nei Noach" - seven commandments given to the descendants of Noah.

Rabbi Joseph Hertz, in his commentary on the bible, suggests that these laws constitute what might be called "natural religion," because they are essential to the existence of human society.  These seven laws, in effect, constitute the Torah's concept of the minimal laws of civilization and humanity.


These laws are:
1. The establishment of courts of justice
2. The prohibition of blasphemy
3. The prohibition of idolatry
4. The prohibition of incest, adultery and other illicit sexual behavior
5. The prohibition of perception
6. The prohibition of robbery
7. The prohibition of eating flesh cut from a living animal

The seven laws teach that all of humankind must set up courts of justice and establish laws governing civil and commercial life.

Idolatry is prohibited because there must be no more than a single source of ethical truth for humankind. It is not so much the prohibition of worshiping idols, such as the sun, the moon or stones that is the issue, it is the need to recognize one G-d who established inviolate moral principles for all.

Blasphemy does not only mean not cursing G-d. It is any act that might prevent any person from worshiping in a monotheistic manner.

The prohibition of incest and adultery is essential to assure the sanctity of the human family, which is the basis of societal structure.

The prohibition of murder assures the sanctity of human life.

The prohibition of robbery assures the sanctity of property.

Tearing a limb from a living animal and eating it is one of the greatest barbarisms that can be afflicted upon an animal. If it were freely permitted, people would become even more cruel than they might be naturally.

Another remarkable, though uncomfortable, conclusion emanates from the fact that the seven Noachide principles truly represent the minimal acceptable standards for human behavior. Consequently, it is impossible to ignore the conclusion that there is a point where human beings lose their privilege to be considered "human beings" if they fail to abide by at least these seven Noachide principles.

[MeAm Lo'ez, Rabbi Bachya]

Friday, October 16, 2009

Shabbat Shalom! - Seventh Gateway

Shabbat Shalom!


There are seven gates to the soul-- two eyes, two ears, two nostrils, and a mouth. The Creator blessed the seventh day of the week and sanctified it.

It is therefore fitting that the mouth-- which is the seventh gateway-- give praise, through song, prayer and Torah learning all through the day.  [Rabbi Moshe Azulai]

Haftarah Bereishit

I, HaShem, have called you in righteousness...
Haftarah Bereishit


Yeshayahu 42:6-7  I, HaShem, have called you in righteousness and will take hold of your hand.  I shall watch over you, having appointed you over the Covenantal people and a light to the nations, to open the eyes of the blind, to release prisoners from jail and dwellers in darkness from the dungeon.

It is HaShem Who has called the Mashiach to his great misson of returning the Jewish people to the Covenant.  To this end, G-d will strengthen him, "hold  his hand," and watch over him from all harm.

But his mission is not just to the Jewish people, but also to all the nations - for them, too, will he serve as a light.  He will enlighten, "open the eyes of," those who previously could not see G-d's truth.

42:10  Sing a new song to HaShem...   Let all nations sing to G-d for His opening their eyes...